WEBVTT Kind: captions; language: en-us NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 71% (MEDIUM) 00:01:29.200 --> 00:01:31.900 All right NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:01:42.700 --> 00:01:45.600 shall we start NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:01:47.300 --> 00:02:00.200 yes all right I think we are recording. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:02:00.400 --> 00:02:07.850 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:02:07.850 --> 00:02:10.100 so NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:02:12.900 --> 00:02:15.300 What happened? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 69% (MEDIUM) 00:02:15.300 --> 00:02:18.100 You were supposed to get me a coffee. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 75% (MEDIUM) 00:02:20.800 --> 00:02:28.800 With the last example this was just to show you NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:02:29.300 --> 00:02:35.649 the relativist argument is that money is this is fancy way of putting it but anyway 00:02:35.649 --> 00:02:43.100 qualitatively heterogeneous technology it basically says that money is not one thing that 00:02:43.100 --> 00:02:49.200 makes everything exchangeable with everything there are many ways of symbolically marking or 00:02:49.200 --> 00:02:51.850 distinguishing different kinds of exchanges NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 80% (HØY) 00:02:51.850 --> 00:02:57.000 some involving money others not involving money NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:02:57.700 --> 00:03:07.800 and to kind of think that money in itself does that job in either way is a misunderstanding 00:03:07.800 --> 00:03:09.500 okay. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:03:12.900 --> 00:03:25.100 Yes, so much for the relativist argument. Now I'm tempted to go deep into 00:03:25.100 --> 00:03:32.900 the text of Gustav Peebles Swedish American Anthropologist very nice guy cool anthropologistt he 00:03:32.900 --> 00:03:36.800 does and I'm not going into that and then just in interest of time I'm just going to give 00:03:36.800 --> 00:03:42.400 you a few pointers this is kind of another example of how NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (HØY) 00:03:42.400 --> 00:03:50.800 Anthropology of money is done a case study of the Öresund region and the currency debates that came 00:03:50.800 --> 00:03:59.600 when the swedes discussed whether or not they were going to adapt the Euro as their currency and is 00:03:59.600 --> 00:04:07.800 exploring these debates directly to the 1990s and the 2000s and basically making the argument of how 00:04:07.800 --> 00:04:13.149 the choice of the currency formation what currency are we going to use and by NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (HØY) 00:04:13.149 --> 00:04:19.750 the way someone asked me earlier the newer thing the different kinds of money that were that were in 00:04:19.750 --> 00:04:25.000 operating in the system the money of cattle the money of shit money of the blah blah blah it was all 00:04:25.000 --> 00:04:29.900 the same currency it's just the fact that they symbolically and practically also kind of put the 00:04:29.900 --> 00:04:34.750 money there this came from that and this from that and they can use for that but it's the same currency 00:04:34.750 --> 00:04:41.100 here you have a text that discusses something a bit different which is NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (HØY) 00:04:41.100 --> 00:04:50.250 debates around what currency to go with the choice of currency is not simply this is Gustav's 00:04:50.250 --> 00:04:56.600 argument Peeble's argument the choice of currency is not simply a scientific economistic 00:04:56.600 --> 00:05:04.600 matter but it is a ground for cultural and moral debate again with this moral underpinning of 00:05:04.600 --> 00:05:11.049 the economy okay and but he discusses something that is very NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 73% (MEDIUM) 00:05:11.049 --> 00:05:17.700 interesting which is what the Euro represented when it came as a currency and he argues that it 00:05:17.700 --> 00:05:22.500 was kind of a utopian neoliberal dream supposed to be something that would NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:05:22.500 --> 00:05:31.600 transform national boundaries and be part of the Euro kind of the Euro idea the Euro project that 00:05:31.600 --> 00:05:42.500 would make the whole Europe into one cultural and economic terrain and then you have all these 00:05:42.500 --> 00:05:48.400 Swedes say hold on a second we don't want the Euro or do we should we should we not do we stick 00:05:48.400 --> 00:05:52.850 with the Kroner again process of you can say NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (HØY) 00:05:52.850 --> 00:05:59.550 Embedding and disembedding of the economic relations pushbacks stuff that we should be familiar by now 00:05:59.550 --> 00:06:07.300 so you can use this article as a way to discuss and look for connections 00:06:07.300 --> 00:06:10.400 remember the pattern and then the connection NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (HØY) 00:06:11.900 --> 00:06:16.150 and read it alongside the others NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:06:16.150 --> 00:06:24.000 and use it if as well to disassociate yourselves from the idea that the cultural regulation of money 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:32.250 only occurs in places like Sudan okay I don't want to see any exams or anyone saying stuff like that 00:06:32.250 --> 00:06:39.000 after this course. We are deeply cultural beings all of us. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:06:39.100 --> 00:06:46.800 In order to make space and time for the universalist argument NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (HØY) 00:06:46.800 --> 00:06:55.300 I want to kind of leave people's not say so much more about his text you can go and read it I 00:06:55.300 --> 00:06:59.450 think you're able to read stuff on your own I won't explain everything to you NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (HØY) 00:06:59.450 --> 00:07:06.350 so let's spend some time on the universal part of the argument that Bloch and Perry are making okay 00:07:06.350 --> 00:07:10.600 and this where things are going to get a little bit NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 80% (HØY) 00:07:10.600 --> 00:07:16.700 different from what we're used to in in terms of an anthropological argument. It is very common in 00:07:16.700 --> 00:07:25.200 anthropology to say not in my tribe this is universal thing called greed but here they don't have a 00:07:25.200 --> 00:07:30.900 concept for greed they call it something else and and it's something a little bit different from whatever 00:07:30.900 --> 00:07:36.400 you say in your setting and it can't really be compared blah blah blah blah blah blah it's all 00:07:36.400 --> 00:07:40.250 relative is the anthropological NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (HØY) 00:07:40.250 --> 00:07:47.850 project is very important project of proving and demonstrating and illustrating 00:07:47.850 --> 00:07:53.100 human variation and human creativity but at the same time there are certain things certain patterns 00:07:53.100 --> 00:08:00.800 and problems that are universal and this is where that part of the argument comes in for Maurice 00:08:00.800 --> 00:08:08.800 Bloch and Jonathan Perry the are despite the fact that there are many ways of symbolically 00:08:08.800 --> 00:08:09.950 distinguishing exchange NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:08:09.950 --> 00:08:18.200 with or without money questions that people deal with in exchange are actually quite similar across 00:08:18.200 --> 00:08:19.700 societies NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:08:19.700 --> 00:08:21.600 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (HØY) 00:08:21.600 --> 00:08:28.300 the money becomes incorporated into a culture Matrix and a huge part of 00:08:28.300 --> 00:08:32.400 anthropology is about describing the way that that happens NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:08:32.400 --> 00:08:35.799 but there are some similarities NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:08:35.799 --> 00:08:41.100 and before we get to what those are and the universal part of the NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:08:41.100 --> 00:08:48.000 story here let me just check that everyone is with me on Zoom I think they are NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:08:48.000 --> 00:08:50.900 yes they haven't said anything. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:08:51.600 --> 00:08:59.700 Okay I have to tell 00:08:59.700 --> 00:09:06.900 you this I was just astonished and proud and more astonished I think than proud by your faith in 00:09:06.900 --> 00:09:12.400 anthropology because you came after the lecture last time when you came and said that this is thing 00:09:12.400 --> 00:09:21.100 I wondered if you could kind of help me explain it and it's like oh yeah of course and so you 00:09:21.100 --> 00:09:22.750 gave me permission to tell this story NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (HØY) 00:09:22.750 --> 00:09:27.700 and I want us to use this example maybe throughout the lecture last part of the lecture or just for 00:09:27.700 --> 00:09:36.200 you to remember it. So there's this neighbor you live in Grünerløkka and you have this neighbor who's Moroccan or 00:09:36.200 --> 00:09:42.500 something that's not so important and you kind of have the sense that he has a thing for you and you 00:09:42.500 --> 00:09:50.200 don't really know if you have a thing for him but it's kind of an interesting thing going on there 00:09:50.200 --> 00:09:52.349 okay so he's your neighbour you've seen him he seen NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:09:52.349 --> 00:09:57.700 you and it's like how can I get in touch with this person or maybe he wants to get in touch with me 00:09:57.700 --> 00:10:04.900 maybe I shouldn't maybe I should and then he comes to you one day and says Ville can I have some 00:10:04.900 --> 00:10:08.450 money can I can you borrow me some money NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (HØY) 00:10:08.450 --> 00:10:16.500 so wow great okay this is NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:10:16.600 --> 00:10:23.800 obviously a way to create relation debt is socially productive this is 00:10:23.800 --> 00:10:30.400 The stuff that makes friends and lovers and wives and husbands and kind and all the rest of it all 00:10:30.400 --> 00:10:39.150 the thick kind of social relations are involved and implicated in these kind of debt relations okay. 00:10:39.150 --> 00:10:46.900 We go out I get you a beer you say how can I should I pay no don't think about it you get the 00:10:46.900 --> 00:10:47.300 Next one and the NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:10:47.300 --> 00:10:51.800 next one might be in two weeks we have a debt going, and it just keeps going and going and we produce 00:10:51.800 --> 00:11:00.700 a friendship or something even more interesting. So that was on the table suddenly interesting no? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (HØY) 00:11:01.900 --> 00:11:11.000 but then the thing that you wanted me to start astonishing me ask my advice using anthropology to 00:11:11.000 --> 00:11:17.200 try to explain why would he then and then because then you ask him what are you 00:11:17.200 --> 00:11:22.900 Going to spend this money what do you want it for there's like a hundred kroner yeah but what are you 00:11:22.900 --> 00:11:26.599 going to spend it on and he says a a beer or a drink. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (HØY) 00:11:26.599 --> 00:11:33.600 And that is weird no I agree with you, it's a bit weird it's like someone your neighbor might have a 00:11:33.600 --> 00:11:38.300 thing for you comes up and says can I borrow a hundred kroner like oh interesting yeah I'm going out 00:11:38.300 --> 00:11:45.200 for a beer bye, and you didn't did you. It could maybe be worse maybe he was going to buy drugs or 00:11:45.200 --> 00:11:53.800 something you've mentioned no, so what the hell is going on how can we use anthropology? Can we 00:11:53.800 --> 00:11:56.349 even use anthropology to explain this? I think so I took NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:11:56.349 --> 00:12:07.100 the challenge. But again stunned by your faith in economic anthropology just floored, keep 00:12:07.100 --> 00:12:10.200 this example in mind okay as we go forward. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:12:11.300 --> 00:12:13.550 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (HØY) 00:12:13.550 --> 00:12:24.400 Now things get interesting okay Jonathan Perry and Maurice Bloch they say that we look across the 00:12:24.400 --> 00:12:31.400 ethnographic record that we've gathered here for you in this book and we say that there's so much 00:12:31.400 --> 00:12:36.000 variation here you see variation the Hutchinson text you see variation in the examples in the 00:12:36.000 --> 00:12:43.000 Peeble's text there's so much so many different ways in which money plays a complex role in Social 00:12:43.000 --> 00:12:43.800 relations. You NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:12:43.800 --> 00:12:50.900 see how creative people are, how fluid categories can be, how hybrid they work and so on. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (HØY) 00:12:51.100 --> 00:12:58.000 But at the same time a certain pattern they say repeats itself across all this variation people come 00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:04.600 up against the same deep human problems that have to do with the meaning of exchange anywhere all 00:13:04.600 --> 00:13:10.400 across the world,all these variations shows us that people deal with the problem of what 00:13:10.400 --> 00:13:20.300 transactions mean in quite similar ways because all societies divide what is seen to belong to a 00:13:20.300 --> 00:13:21.849 short-term transactional NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (HØY) 00:13:21.849 --> 00:13:28.750 actual order that has to do with individual gratification and competition NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:13:28.750 --> 00:13:35.200 On the one hand and a long term this is kind of been lurking now in the background as we talked in 00:13:35.200 --> 00:13:41.600 the first hour and the long-term transactional order having to do with the collective with 00:13:41.600 --> 00:13:43.450 building the social order NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:13:43.450 --> 00:13:48.900 and doing things that extend beyond individual lifetimes NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:13:49.800 --> 00:13:51.900 okay NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:13:51.900 --> 00:13:53.900 so NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:13:55.500 --> 00:14:03.800 short-term sphere or transactional order cycle is like short term individual the satisfaction of 00:14:03.800 --> 00:14:14.150 individual needs often in functioning in competition with a competition Dynamic long-term 00:14:14.150 --> 00:14:22.400 transactional order having to do with the reproduction of deep moral collectivities cooperation and 00:14:22.400 --> 00:14:25.900 doing things that extend beyond an individual's NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (HØY) 00:14:25.900 --> 00:14:36.600 lifetime. How can we now fill out a list and that's what I want you to do for 38 seconds on 00:14:36.600 --> 00:14:43.500 your own or with your partner, what could you tell us what human phenomenon would you place in the 00:14:43.500 --> 00:14:49.500 short term and the long term transactional order could you do that? Okay let's do one minute and 00:14:49.500 --> 00:14:53.700 just write something down or just put it in your own head or speak to someone and then I'm going to 00:14:53.700 --> 00:14:56.550 ask you a question and I'm going to have you say that to me. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:14:56.550 --> 00:14:59.600 Okay go. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:17:01.100 --> 00:17:05.200 all right good NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:17:05.400 --> 00:17:12.400 Who wants to go first what should we do the short term transactional order who has something on that? 00:17:12.400 --> 00:17:18.099 What belongs in the short term transactional order in your view? what's the first 00:17:18.099 --> 00:17:21.400 thing that came to your mind yeah. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:17:21.599 --> 00:17:28.550 Buying food, groceries shopping it's on my list as well. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (HØY) 00:17:28.550 --> 00:17:30.900 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:17:32.000 --> 00:17:34.500 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (HØY) 00:17:36.300 --> 00:17:43.449 we've seen yeah definitely short-term yeah I think so. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:17:43.449 --> 00:17:45.650 other things? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:17:45.650 --> 00:17:51.850 what other things have to do with this satisfaction of individual short-term desires NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:17:51.850 --> 00:17:54.700 yeah again NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:17:55.900 --> 00:17:58.300 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:18:00.300 --> 00:18:04.100 Wow have you looked at my list? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:18:05.200 --> 00:18:12.300 Yes definitely what about the Nuer thing where is there a Nuer category that you would 00:18:12.300 --> 00:18:15.800 place in the short-term stay here NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (HØY) 00:18:19.800 --> 00:18:25.900 Categories from Hutchinson that we had NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 70% (MEDIUM) 00:18:27.600 --> 00:18:30.500 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:18:37.100 --> 00:18:41.200 Money of shit I think no NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:18:41.200 --> 00:18:50.100 the money of shit would belong in the short term, it's something that you cannot invest in cattle which is 00:18:50.100 --> 00:18:56.400 supposed to be about the long-term preservation of the.. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 65% (MEDIUM) 00:18:56.700 --> 00:18:59.500 it's there another example? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (HØY) 00:19:00.800 --> 00:19:07.800 Yeah yeah exactly that's right they use that to pay the government it tells you a lot I think that was 00:19:07.800 --> 00:19:17.200 quite excellent. So the money of shit yeah, because cattle is supposed to be about the 00:19:17.200 --> 00:19:23.450 preservation and strengthening and furthering of the something beyond your own individual lifetime 00:19:23.450 --> 00:19:31.200 or your individual short of desire for or paying a tax or whatever but yeah what about the other 00:19:31.200 --> 00:19:31.650 side NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (HØY) 00:19:31.650 --> 00:19:36.500 the long-term stuff long term transactional order what would you place there NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (HØY) 00:19:36.500 --> 00:19:39.100 any examples NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:43.449 yeah you yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 59% (MEDIUM) 00:19:43.449 --> 00:19:45.400 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:19:45.400 --> 00:19:48.100 Investing in what? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:19:50.200 --> 00:19:53.000 For what purpose? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:19:54.800 --> 00:19:57.100 Yeah. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:19:58.400 --> 00:20:05.400 definitely yeah pensions trust fund for your children yeah. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:20:05.900 --> 00:20:15.300 yeah if you're Norwegian maybe you have a but ya know in the sense yeah no I would agree I was just 00:20:15.300 --> 00:20:22.900 confused because the Nuer they spent money of shit to pay for taxes and it says a bit about the but 00:20:22.900 --> 00:20:31.500 no definitely I mean it's something beyond yourself it's your future goes into state yeah I agree what up 00:20:31.500 --> 00:20:33.100 there yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:37.300 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:20:47.800 --> 00:20:50.500 doing what NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:20:50.800 --> 00:20:53.300 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (HØY) 00:20:54.900 --> 00:20:58.000 when do you pay her back NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:20:58.900 --> 00:21:08.600 okay yeah and what is that about? that exchange you feel NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (HØY) 00:21:08.700 --> 00:21:13.000 so you think you're going to be friends for a long time? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 71% (MEDIUM) 00:21:14.600 --> 00:21:22.350 yeah the longer the exchange delays the more so with the friendship maybe even. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:21:22.350 --> 00:21:30.800 I mean parents they give us the gift of life and that we can kind of never repay and they give us so 00:21:30.800 --> 00:21:36.800 much in our childhood and we kind of repay that all the way at the end and throughout our lives 00:21:36.800 --> 00:21:44.300 think about that as in terms of in terms of the delay here. Other things? 00:21:44.300 --> 00:21:51.949 in the long term transactional order cycle? there was another hand here in the middle 00:21:51.949 --> 00:21:53.400 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (HØY) 00:21:55.200 --> 00:21:57.500 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:22:08.400 --> 00:22:10.750 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:22:10.750 --> 00:22:13.300 yeah yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:22:13.600 --> 00:22:15.900 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (HØY) 00:22:17.800 --> 00:22:23.650 yeah yeah it's a bit unclear where that lands NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:22:23.650 --> 00:22:25.900 Maybe NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:22:37.200 --> 00:22:42.200 yeah yeah and then there's the other NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 80% (HØY) 00:22:42.200 --> 00:22:48.500 yeah yeah definitely so the taxes is actually an interesting thing because it can fall a little bit 00:22:48.500 --> 00:22:51.700 in either category here NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:22:53.000 --> 00:23:03.500 I remember when when I was a bit younger and my 00:23:03.500 --> 00:23:11.200 father he had his father who's crazy old man he was married five times and he lived on a farm in 00:23:11.200 --> 00:23:19.600 Gjøvik alone actually just I just really want to talk about him but he's not the point here 00:23:19.600 --> 00:23:23.650 actually but there's this farm where he lived and then right NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:23:23.650 --> 00:23:33.700 a few years before he died we went there and my father took me and my brother there and we went and 00:23:33.700 --> 00:23:43.500 we planted a tree on the farm that we went and we bought a little tree and we planted it and there was one 00:23:43.500 --> 00:23:46.800 tree that was my brother and another tree that was me NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (HØY) 00:23:46.800 --> 00:23:56.300 and then my grandfather died and the farm was sold but that tree is still there well and I thought 00:23:56.300 --> 00:24:01.000 about it like that it's an investment that my father made like taking his two sons and I would 00:24:01.000 --> 00:24:11.400 planting a tree it's like the the very powerful example of how something you convert 00:24:11.400 --> 00:24:16.800 money into something that's supposed to have last beyond the lifetime and a tree will outlive us 00:24:16.800 --> 00:24:17.100 And outgrow NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 65% (MEDIUM) 00:24:17.100 --> 00:24:24.900 Us all. I don't know if it's still there but I would place that very firmly in 00:24:24.900 --> 00:24:31.500 this category we can say let's go through we wouldn't be discussing now luxury consumption NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:24:31.500 --> 00:24:37.600 grocery shopping wages that you get and you use you spend them on on grocery shopping you go to the 00:24:37.600 --> 00:24:46.900 movie you do conspicuous consumption you buy a BMW in order to get laid getting laid is a short-term 00:24:46.900 --> 00:24:53.200 concern okay money of shit NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 72% (MEDIUM) 00:24:54.600 --> 00:25:03.200 long term transactional order donating to aid projects when TV-aksjonen is calling and send 00:25:03.200 --> 00:25:08.550 that money in this like you're contributing to the betterment of the human species NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:25:08.550 --> 00:25:16.000 and we're all moving forward it's not about me it's about a collective. Donated money, buying a tree 00:25:16.000 --> 00:25:23.900 to plant like I told you sacrifice for the ancestors confirmation money. 00:25:23.900 --> 00:25:29.600 Who where has been 'konfirmert'? yeah lot of you, did you get money? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (HØY) 00:25:29.600 --> 00:25:39.300 did you feel like you could spend that money on anything no? so Nuer has this strange thing we do to okay 00:25:39.400 --> 00:25:47.300 you don't spend money you get from confirmation or inheritance on just getting hammered two weeks in 00:25:47.300 --> 00:25:52.500 a row or you shouldn't, or you could but you can't do that without any kind of 00:25:52.500 --> 00:25:58.700 moral consequences. You're supposed to spend it what are you supposed to spend your confirmation 00:25:58.700 --> 00:26:00.100 money on? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:26:01.000 --> 00:26:04.200 I mean what did you spend it on. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:26:04.400 --> 00:26:06.550 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:26:06.550 --> 00:26:09.600 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (HØY) 00:26:11.100 --> 00:26:15.600 anyone who remember what they spent their confirmation money on? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (HØY) 00:26:15.600 --> 00:26:23.200 Backpacking? yeah so that is something is supposed to further your character promote gives them 00:26:23.200 --> 00:26:30.600 'Dannelse' it doesn't necessarily provide that but it's supposed to it's about new kind of creating a 00:26:30.600 --> 00:26:36.200 life for you exploring the world definitely long term transactional order anyone else. What 00:26:36.200 --> 00:26:40.400 other things did you get for your confirmation yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (HØY) 00:26:44.000 --> 00:26:56.000 yes house a family or a life with a house rooted in the future. Did anyone get a bunad for the 00:26:56.000 --> 00:27:05.700 confirmation yeah, and this is a garment that is embedded deeply embedded in kin something you get 00:27:05.700 --> 00:27:11.850 from your mother or sometimes or you inherit or says something about where you're from NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (HØY) 00:27:11.850 --> 00:27:18.200 definitely belongs on this side of the spectrum okay. Family holiday I remember when my grandfather 00:27:18.200 --> 00:27:21.750 died that crazy guy old guy and they sold the farm NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (HØY) 00:27:21.750 --> 00:27:29.600 the trees they didn't do anything with the tree but they sold the farm and the money that we got my 00:27:29.600 --> 00:27:37.300 father wanted to spend it on bricks outside his house or actually to pay down his loan or 00:27:37.300 --> 00:27:43.800 something like that but then he said shit we got this money let's do something nice, let's create 00:27:43.800 --> 00:27:50.000 memories for the family let's go to Sicily he took my mother my father my brother and me to Sicily 00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:52.199 and we drove around and Sicily and listen to music NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 77% (HØY) 00:27:52.199 --> 00:28:00.800 and talked about the Godfather we actually went to Corleone there you have it this is where it 00:28:00.800 --> 00:28:03.900 comes from this obsession with the Godfather. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:28:05.500 --> 00:28:14.600 okay lasting memories creating kin pushing the family into the future the cattle of girls in 00:28:14.600 --> 00:28:18.350 Hutchinson's conceptual vocabulary NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 67% (MEDIUM) 00:28:18.350 --> 00:28:27.600 Abra Kadabra lo and behold notice that money NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (HØY) 00:28:28.100 --> 00:28:31.300 is not the central issue here NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:28:31.300 --> 00:28:38.400 money can be implicated in both the short-term transactional order and the long term transactional 00:28:38.400 --> 00:28:39.900 order NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (HØY) 00:28:42.200 --> 00:28:49.650 so what they're doing in this text they're moving the analytical gaze from money in itself NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (HØY) 00:28:49.650 --> 00:28:55.700 to moralities of exchange that's why the book is called quite fittingly called money and the 00:28:55.700 --> 00:29:01.000 Morality of exchange because money can be implicated in different ways and 00:29:01.000 --> 00:29:07.800 It buys bride payments, confirmation money, obviously sacrifice planting a tree 00:29:07.800 --> 00:29:14.300 there's other things that involve money but the money is not the issue, it's not the central issue. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (HØY) 00:29:17.700 --> 00:29:24.500 in fact our preconceptions about money are kind of the folk feeling about what money is and what 00:29:24.500 --> 00:29:30.000 role it plays in Social relationships has lead anthropologists and they argue and even social theorist 00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:35.500 like Marx and Simmel and stuff like that to be a little bit confused misunderstand the role of 00:29:35.500 --> 00:29:37.700 money in human society NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:29:37.700 --> 00:29:40.949 that is their argument. Now NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:29:40.949 --> 00:29:50.400 we're going to help Vilde out I promised because if we as good anthropologists 00:29:50.400 --> 00:29:56.200 they're setting up a model here dividing the world in two but then it doesn't stop with that 00:29:56.200 --> 00:30:02.100 how can things move between these orders how are things converted into each other what 00:30:02.100 --> 00:30:10.650 happens when you when the model gets dynamic okay so the most obvious NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (HØY) 00:30:10.650 --> 00:30:19.700 legitimate morally kind of strengthening thing to do is to convert from the short term to the long 00:30:19.700 --> 00:30:27.600 term transactional order so if you if you spend grocery shopping and then you invite and you create a 00:30:27.600 --> 00:30:36.500 wedding from investing your wages and you create the wedding or you spend your 00:30:36.500 --> 00:30:41.450 wages on buying a tree that you plan for your kids in order NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:30:41.450 --> 00:30:48.200 to symbolize their life and how it's going to outlive my father's life and so on that 00:30:48.200 --> 00:30:54.900 is a deeply legitimate process and it is NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (HØY) 00:30:56.400 --> 00:31:03.700 yeah moral to move from the short term to the long-term steer here. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:31:03.900 --> 00:31:15.200 Use movie tickets I don't know convert that into somehow in the long term transaction order. Morally 00:31:15.200 --> 00:31:26.500 good thumbs up say Bloch and Perry what about this stuff that only goes on in the short term 00:31:26.500 --> 00:31:27.850 transactional order NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (HØY) 00:31:27.850 --> 00:31:35.900 so that would be like just hanging out here just spending your wages on groceries movie tickets 00:31:35.900 --> 00:31:42.600 and luxury consumption and kind of circulating values within the short end transactional order 00:31:42.600 --> 00:31:53.900 it's morally kind of suspect, dubious, and as we never kind of engage in these long-term transactions 00:31:53.900 --> 00:31:57.750 these transactions that contribute to the what they call the long term NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 71% (MEDIUM) 00:31:57.750 --> 00:32:04.100 Transactional order it's dubious people only spend money on themselves. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (HØY) 00:32:04.300 --> 00:32:14.300 Luxury as a goal in itself not as a means to something eventually you could think of NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (HØY) 00:32:17.700 --> 00:32:27.500 yeah I won't go into that but the the third move here is obviously the most morally terrible thing 00:32:27.500 --> 00:32:33.750 to do is to convert from the long term transaction order to the short-term NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 73% (MEDIUM) 00:32:33.750 --> 00:32:45.300 so when you spend bride-wealth or inheritance on bubblegum or use it to pay for sex or and you don't 00:32:45.300 --> 00:32:49.200 spend if my father sold the farm and they spend it on just NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:32:50.900 --> 00:32:55.700 going to restaurants with his new wife NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (HØY) 00:32:55.700 --> 00:33:05.200 that would be morally dubious, even worse gruesome. It would be horrific if I were to go to Gjøvik 00:33:05.200 --> 00:33:15.600 to find the farm cut the tree sell it as wood in a shop in Gjøvik going to take that money 00:33:15.600 --> 00:33:23.500 and use it for fuel in my car or buying a sausage at Shell it would be a horrible 00:33:23.500 --> 00:33:25.600 thing to do no NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:33:25.700 --> 00:33:30.950 or if I take up a loan and now Vilde NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:33:30.950 --> 00:33:34.700 if you take up a loan from a friend NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:33:34.700 --> 00:33:39.200 and you spend it only on beer. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 73% (MEDIUM) 00:33:42.300 --> 00:33:48.550 Or if you take something that has the promise of 00:33:48.550 --> 00:33:55.650 building relation a lasting thing and he spend it on something that is has to do with your individual 00:33:55.650 --> 00:34:03.500 competition kind of goals you supposed to feel well good about yourself from the short term it 00:34:03.500 --> 00:34:10.900 doesn't really work out, it makes you feel a bit awkward doesn't it? Like I thought we had something 00:34:10.900 --> 00:34:12.649 nice here and now you're NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:34:12.649 --> 00:34:16.900 to go and spend that money on getting yourself a beer. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:34:17.500 --> 00:34:19.449 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 78% (HØY) 00:34:19.449 --> 00:34:26.600 Bloch and Perry would say to you that what you're encountering is kind of universal is 00:34:26.600 --> 00:34:31.199 it's a universal angst and anxiety that comes from NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 72% (MEDIUM) 00:34:31.199 --> 00:34:37.900 something that's taken the belonging to the long-term transactional order of that has to do 00:34:37.900 --> 00:34:44.050 with strengthening and furthering goes beyond yourself and you convert that into 00:34:44.050 --> 00:34:46.300 short-term stuff NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:34:46.300 --> 00:34:50.500 this is morally gruesome anywhere in the world NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:34:50.500 --> 00:34:54.400 morally problematic anywhere in the world they say. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (HØY) 00:34:54.699 --> 00:35:02.600 Of course there's a lot of work that goes into culture redefining and moving within the system 00:35:02.600 --> 00:35:11.700 kind of saying that movie tickets can mean whatever it means some different things bad example NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (HØY) 00:35:11.900 --> 00:35:14.700 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (HØY) 00:35:16.100 --> 00:35:23.800 There's room for lots of cultural annotation and flexibility within the system but 00:35:23.800 --> 00:35:31.200 nonetheless they say that there's a fundamental debate in any human society that has to do 00:35:31.200 --> 00:35:32.399 with NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (HØY) 00:35:32.399 --> 00:35:39.800 separating a short term transaction order to do with individual gratification and competition from a 00:35:39.800 --> 00:35:46.500 long term transactional order long-term exchanges that have to do with collective building social 00:35:46.500 --> 00:35:50.400 order and extending beyond the life-time of an individual. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (HØY) 00:35:50.800 --> 00:36:00.900 Does that make sense it's a model they're creating a model for us to now that they kind of 00:36:00.900 --> 00:36:05.800 taken so much away from us in terms of saying there's so much variation in the world you have to 00:36:05.800 --> 00:36:10.649 come take anything for granted and then they're putting a little thing back in which is this model 00:36:10.649 --> 00:36:13.950 that you can work with and think with. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 80% (HØY) 00:36:13.950 --> 00:36:21.800 Another example in let you could use this to explain and understand many things in Cuba where I did 00:36:21.800 --> 00:36:29.600 my research and where I lived for a few years there are women who sell themselves NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 72% (MEDIUM) 00:36:29.600 --> 00:36:39.800 To men who want sex and then there's a strong moral debate about 00:36:39.800 --> 00:36:47.899 that in itself because sex is not something easily convertible to money but even within that debate 00:36:47.899 --> 00:36:58.000 it's like considered morally okay or more morally okay if you sell sex and spend it on your 00:36:58.000 --> 00:36:59.750 needs your family. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:36:59.750 --> 00:37:08.200 But then there are these women in Havana who are sex workers and they spend it on flashy 00:37:08.200 --> 00:37:09.900 purses NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (HØY) 00:37:09.900 --> 00:37:18.800 and consumer items not food and survival and that is deeply kind of disturbing for many for many 00:37:18.800 --> 00:37:24.100 people, you know know this is the discourse that you know they are sex workers but imagine how desperate 00:37:24.100 --> 00:37:31.800 they are but no some women want purses so they sleep with tourists 00:37:31.800 --> 00:37:33.700 from Netherlands. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:37:33.800 --> 00:37:42.500 A very morally disputed thing to do for the reasons up here on the screen that it converts from the 00:37:42.500 --> 00:37:50.400 long-term kind of your own body your own life NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (HØY) 00:37:50.400 --> 00:37:53.400 your own property into NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:37:54.200 --> 00:37:57.400 consumption items. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:38:02.000 --> 00:38:04.700 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:38:18.400 --> 00:38:20.900 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:38:29.000 --> 00:38:35.300 could be, I think you might be right. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:38:56.900 --> 00:38:59.500 exactly NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 72% (MEDIUM) 00:39:02.400 --> 00:39:09.200 There's all these implicit considerations 00:39:09.200 --> 00:39:19.450 about what's valuable what's appropriate economic behaviour involved in giving people either it's 00:39:19.450 --> 00:39:27.300 from a beggar who receives money as a gift it's appropriate we have this expectation even this like 00:39:27.300 --> 00:39:33.100 the paternalism is most vivid if you see people taking a NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (HØY) 00:39:33.100 --> 00:39:40.100 Beggar you sit there he asked for money and you say come I'll buy bread or buy a piece of me like I take 00:39:40.100 --> 00:39:46.300 even to McDonald's because I don't trust that you know what's good for you 00:39:46.300 --> 00:39:53.900 let me in my enlightened state of being show you what you should be spending money on this is a lot 00:39:53.900 --> 00:40:03.000 of that going on, and the similar kind of morally preconceived notions about NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:40:03.000 --> 00:40:07.300 what people should do and how they should conduct their lives in this example about sex workers in 00:40:07.300 --> 00:40:09.900 Havana definitely. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (HØY) 00:40:11.700 --> 00:40:18.400 so and the most extreme could you think of the most extreme kind of conversion here NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (HØY) 00:40:19.100 --> 00:40:29.600 even more like most outrageous most morally repulsive thing you could do in an economic 00:40:29.600 --> 00:40:31.000 system NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:40:33.400 --> 00:40:36.900 anyone want to try? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (HØY) 00:40:38.400 --> 00:40:48.100 I agree it's morally repulsive if my father sold the farm and he just went to 00:40:48.100 --> 00:40:55.000 Aya Napa and just like got hammered it would just be horrible. There are worse 00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:58.000 things actually yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:40:59.600 --> 00:41:07.950 yeah that is also strongly kind of almost like corporal oh my God NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:41:07.950 --> 00:41:15.300 headlines in VG - Red Cross employees spent donation money on NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (HØY) 00:41:15.600 --> 00:41:26.100 on the Christmas party that's deeply morally problematic, now we're getting there NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (HØY) 00:41:27.200 --> 00:41:32.800 and maybe not just selling.. who in your family? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (HØY) 00:41:33.100 --> 00:41:40.100 exactly your grandmother would be bad but your child so imagine you're just coming out from Ullevål 00:41:40.100 --> 00:41:48.300 You have this little baby and you sell it and you take that money and spend it on a bottle of 00:41:48.300 --> 00:41:56.600 Coca-Cola I think that is the most morally reprehensible act we can picture or maybe something worse 00:41:56.600 --> 00:41:58.800 sorry? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (HØY) 00:42:00.700 --> 00:42:09.800 yeah maybe but children are also.. why is it morally reprehensible why is it so problematic? 00:42:09.800 --> 00:42:19.800 because children are the one thing that symbolises beyond any shade of doubt something that 00:42:19.800 --> 00:42:28.000 that extends beyond your own lifetime it is the lineage it is the future literally, because 00:42:28.000 --> 00:42:30.400 they're going to outlive you hopefully. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (HØY) 00:42:31.400 --> 00:42:39.500 I think that's the most extreme I could come up with but spending a loan from a neighbor or someone 00:42:39.500 --> 00:42:48.700 that you just met and then you kind of fancy on beer is also kind of contentious here but again 00:42:48.700 --> 00:42:52.550 we're dealing with fundamental human problems they're saying. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (HØY) 00:42:52.550 --> 00:42:59.400 These problems have to do with the relationship between the individual human life and a 00:42:59.400 --> 00:43:08.550 symbolically construct image of the enduring and social and cosmic order as a nice formulation. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:43:08.550 --> 00:43:11.100 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:43:13.600 --> 00:43:23.500 This is not very helpful maybe? it was? Okay you have to tell us next time how it 00:43:23.500 --> 00:43:28.300 goes. How should she solve this? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:43:34.300 --> 00:43:36.700 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:43:37.500 --> 00:43:39.800 yeah NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:43:40.100 --> 00:43:43.000 okay still NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 73% (MEDIUM) 00:43:43.000 --> 00:43:45.600 okay NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (HØY) 00:43:49.500 --> 00:43:58.100 you have to tell us, let's see if not only was anthropology able to help you deal with the relationship 00:43:58.100 --> 00:44:05.200 one time but even you know revolution will be if we have helped you with another situation let's see 00:44:05.200 --> 00:44:12.300 but finally before we close it off they're giving us kind of a recipe here to 00:44:12.300 --> 00:44:19.200 understand these fundamental human problems they wanted to do something very typical anthropological 00:44:19.200 --> 00:44:20.200 which is to NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:44:20.200 --> 00:44:26.200 the particular symbolic system that money and exchange is part of or and becomes part of in all 00:44:26.200 --> 00:44:31.950 these fluid and and meaningful shifting ways NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (HØY) 00:44:31.950 --> 00:44:40.000 Hutchinson text is a good example of that. Then they want us to nonetheless to remember and to recognize and 00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:46.000 to use in our analysis the cross cultural similarities in solutions to the universal problems what 00:44:46.000 --> 00:44:53.300 does this tell us about the universal problems having to do with separating short-term 00:44:53.300 --> 00:44:56.500 from long-term transactional orders NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 72% (MEDIUM) 00:44:56.500 --> 00:45:03.600 and then there's historical focus in the text today that is coming through very close clearly in the 00:45:03.600 --> 00:45:12.000 Hutchins and text that these things are not set in stone okay it's not just like the Nuer is like 00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:20.500 this or the Norwegian society is like this it changes and we need to be able to stand and analyze 00:45:20.500 --> 00:45:26.900 how historical forces shape and change an existing cultural symbolic system. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:45:26.900 --> 00:45:32.000 Now next time labor NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (HØY) 00:45:32.200 --> 00:45:38.100 but we'll leave it at that okay see you next time.