Autumn 2022
Autumn 2021
Autumn 2020
Autumn 2019
Autumn 2018
Autumn 2017
Autumn 2016
Autumn 2015
Autumn 2014
Autumn 2013
Autumn 2012
Autumn 2011
Answer 2 of the following 3 questions:
1. Give a brief overview of the main sources in international environmental law. Explain and discuss in particular the emergence of "soft law" and principles in international environmental law and how this has influenced the development of this area of international law.
2. Explain the concept "shared natural resource" in international natural resources law. Explain and discuss the principles for the conversation and management of a "shared natural resource".
3. Explain the purpose and main content of the so called "flexible mechanisms" in the Kyoto Protocol articles 6, 12 and 17, and discuss arguments for and against the use of these mechanisms.
Previous exam papers for JUR1520 and JUR5520
Autumn 2010
1. Explain the Principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and explain how the principle is expressed and applied in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto protocol and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.
2. Explain the purpose and main content of the Flexibility Mechanisms as provided for in the Kyoto Protocol arts. 6, 12 and 17, and discuss arguments for and against the use of these mechanisms.
Both questions are to be answered.
Spring 2010
1. Principle 2 of the 1992 “Rio Declaration” states:
“States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.”
a) Explain the content of principle as it has normally been understood.
b) Discuss the principle in light of the need to solve such global environmental problems as the climate problem and the loss of biodiversity.
2. Explain and discuss the main legal issues and problems in the relationship between environmental protection and international trade law. Give case examples.
Spring 2009
Autumn 2008
1. Describe the main sources in international environmental law.
2. Discuss the following question: What are the strengths and weaknesses of the existing international environmental law as a tool to protect the Earth’s biological diversity?
Spring 2008
Autumn 2007
1. Describe the most important environmental law principles expressed in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
2. Describe, and discuss, how these principles are implemented and reflected in the Kyoto protocol.
Spring 2007
1. Explain and discuss the main legal issues and problems in the relationship between environmental protection and international trade law. Give case examples.
(Issues and problems related to EU law shall not be treated.)
2. Give an overview over means of compliance and enforcement measures of Mulitlateral Environmenal Agreements (MEAs)
Autumn 2006
1. What is the content of the concept of sustainable development?
2. Discuss the following assertion: “Sustainable development is a principle of international (including EU) law.”
3. How is sustainable development reflected in the UN framework Convention on Climate Change and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity?