Syllabus - summer 2015

Reading List

* Reading lists contain required literature and optional reading. Participants are expected to read the required (mandatory) reading to meet the course requirements and participate in the class discussions. Optional articles may partly overlap with the required reading and other optional articles while offering a different perspective on the same question. Some of the optional articles offer a deeper analysis of a problem than offered at this course, whereas other optional articles provide a more general overview or explanation of some basic concepts that would be particularly useful for students without prior knowledge.

P1. Arctic governance:

Borgerson, Scott G. 2008. Arctic Meltdown: The Economic and Security Implications of Global Warming. Foreign Affairs, 87:2, 63–77. http://tinyurl.com/oetracg

Graczyk, Piotr and Timo Koivurova. 2013. A New Era in the Arctic Council’s External Relations? Broader Consequences of the Nuuk Observer Rules for Arctic Governance. Polar Record, online edition, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247412000824 (12 p).

Lindroth, Marjo and Heidi Sinevaara-Niskanen. 2013. At the Crossroads of Autonomy and Essentialism: Indigenous Peoples in International Environmental Politics. International Political Sociology, 7:3, 275–293. http://tinyurl.com/ktwncma

Stokke, Olav Schram. 2011. Environmental Security in the Arctic: The Case for Multi-Level Governance. International Journal, 66:4, 835–848.  http://heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/intj66&id=861

Underdal, Arild. 2013. Meeting Common Environmental Challenges: The Co-evolution of Policies and Practices. International Environmental Agreements, 13:1, 15–30. http://tinyurl.com/makfy97

Young, Oran R. 2009. The Arctic in Play: Governance in a Time of Rapid Change. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 24:2, 423–442. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ljmc24&div=27&g_sent=1&collection=journals#427

NS1.

Required reading

Continental Shelf Limits: The Scientific and Legal Interface, Peter J. Cook and Chris M. Carleton, editors, Oxford University Press, 2000, Introduction and Chapter 2

Jakobsson, M., A. Grantz, Y. Kristoffersen, and R. Macnab, 2003, Physiographic provinces of the Arctic Ocean, GSA Bulletin, 115(12), 1443-1455.

P2. Arctic shipping

Humpert, Malte. 2013. The Future of Arctic Shipping: A New Silk Road for China? Washington DC: The Arctic Institute. Downloadable from Fronter.

Jensen, Øystein. 2010. Arctic Shipping Guidelines: Towards a Legal Regime for Navigation Safety and Environmental Protection? Polar Record, 44:229, 107–114. http://www.fni.no/doc%26pdf/OYJ-PR-2008.pdf

Lasserre, Frédéric and Sébastien Pelletier. 2011. Polar super seaways? Maritime Transport in the Arctic: An analysis of Shipowners’ Intentions. Journal of Transport Geography, 19:6, 1465–1473. http://tinyurl.com/na7djn5

Moe, Arild and Øystein Jensen. 2010. Opening of New Arctic Shipping Routes. Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union: Standard Briefing. Brussels: EU Commission. http://www.tepsa.eu/download/Arild%20Moe_%C3%98ystein%20JENSEN.pdf

Rottem, Svein Vigeland. 2013. The Arctic Council and the Search and Rescue Agreement: The Case of Norway. Polar Record, online edition (9 p.). doi:10.1017/S0032247413000363

Stokke, Olav Schram. 2013b. Regime Interplay in Arctic Shipping Governance: Explaining Regional Niche Selection. International Environmental Agreements, 13:1, 65–85. http://tinyurl.com/q82pw52

L1.

Required reading:

• UNCLOS Preamble
• International Court of Justice Statutes art 38
• Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Arts 26-38
• Chapter 1 “The Law of the sea in perspective” in Tanaka, Yoshifumi, The International Law of the Sea, Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp 3-38 (35 p)

Optional reading:

• Louise de la Faytette, “Oceans Governance in the Arctic”, The Int J Marine&Coastal L 23 (2008) 531-566 (35 p)(a good overview article covering topics we work on throughout the law part of the course)
• Alexander Proelss, Til Müller, “The Legal Regime of the Arctic Ocean”, Heidelberg Journal of International Law (ZaöRV 68 (2008), at p. 651 (from page 651 to page 661, i.e. Part I, Part II.1 and II.2)

L2.

• UNCLOS arts 49 -53, 112-155, 133-149
• Christian Reichert, “Determination of the Outer Continental Shelf Limits and the Role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf”, The international journal of Marine and Coastal Law 24(2009) 387-399 (12 p)
• Alexander Proelss, Til Müller, “The Legal Regime of the Arctic Ocean”, Heidelberg Journal of International Law (ZaöRV 68 (2008), at p. 651 (from page 661 to page 683, i.e. Part II.3)
• Alex G. Oude Elferink, “The Regime of the Area: Delineating the Scope of Application of the Common Heritage Principle and Freedom of the High Seas”, The international journal of Marine and Coastal Law 22 (no 1) 2007, pp 143-176 (33 p)

Optional reading:

• Erik Franckx, “The International Seabed Authority and the Common Heritage of the Mankind: The Need for States to Establish the Outer Limits of their Continental Shelf”,  The international journal of Marine and Coastal Law 25 (2010), pp 543-567 (24 p)
• Ted L.McDorman, “The Continental Shelf Regime in the Law of the Sea Convention: A Reflection on the First Thirty Years”, The international journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27 (2012) 743-751 (8 p)
• Louise de la Faytette, “Oceans Governance in the Arctic”, The Int J Marine&Coastal L 23 (2008) 531-566 (35 p)

P3. Arctic living resources and the environment:

Andresen, Steinar. 1993. The Effectiveness of the International Whaling Commission. Arctic 46:2, 108–115. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40511501

Bailey, Jennifer L. 2008. Arrested Development: The Fight to End Commercial Whaling as a Case of Failed Norm Change. European Journal of International Relations 14:2, 289–318.  http://tinyurl.com/pwzefl7

Harriss, Robert. 2012. The Arctic: Past or Prologue? Environment, 54:5, 3–14. http://tinyurl.com/qdcbj9q

Stokke, Olav Schram. 2009. Trade Measures and the Combat of IUU Fishing: Institutional Interplay and Effective Governance in the Northeast Atlantic. Marine Policy, 33:2, 339–349.  http://tinyurl.com/pd9lhvg

Hoel, Alf Håkon. 2009. Do We Need a New Legal Regime for the Arctic Ocean? International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 24:2, 443–456. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ljmc24&div=28&g_sent=1&collection=journals#447

L3.

Required reading:

• UNCLOS arts 2-28, 33-60, 86-111,192-237 (Art 234 in focus)
• Lewis M Alexander, “Baseline delimitations and Maritime Boundaries”, 23 Va. J. Int'l L. 503 (1982-1983), pp 503-536 (33 p) – generally on UNCLOS rules applying to determining maritime zones and boundaries
• Stuart B. Kaye, “Territorial Sea Baselines along Ice-Covered Coasts: International Practice and Limits of the Law of the Sea”, Ocean Development&International Law, 35:1 (2004), 75-102 (27 p)
• K. Hakapää and E.J. Molenaar, “Innocent passage – past and present”, Marine Policy Vol 23, No 2 (1999), pp 131-145 (14 p)
• Chapter 9 “Exclusive economic zone” in R.R.Churchill and A.V.Lower, The Law of the Sea, 3^rd edition, Manchester University Press 1999, pp 160-179 (19 p)
• Tore Henriksen, “The future of navigation in ice-covered areas: a view from Arctic”, in R.Caddell, Rh. Thomas (eds), Shipping, Law and the Marine Environment in the 21^st Century: Emerging Challenges for the Law of the Sea –legal implications and liabilities”, Lawtext Publishing Limited, 2013, pp 9-34 (25 p)
• Erik Franckx, “Should the Law Governing Maritime Areas in the Arctic Adapt to Changing Climatic Circumstances?”, 41 Cal.W.Int’l L.J. (2010-2011) 397-432 (35 p)

NS2. Marine ecosystems

Phillip S. Levin*, Michael J. Fogarty, Steven A. Murawski, David Fluharty, Integrated Ecosystem Assessments: Developing the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem-Based Management of the Ocean 2009, PLOS Biology, v7, 0023-0028

C.J.M. Philippart  R. Anadón , R. Danovaro , J.W. Dippner , K.F. Drinkwater , S.J. Hawkins, T. Oguz, G. O'Sullivan , P.C. Reid, Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems: Observations, expectations and indicators, 2011, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 400, 52–69.

K. Drinkwater, The influence of climate variability and change on the ecosystems of the Barents Sea and adjacent waters: Review and synthesis of recent studies from the NESSAS Project, 2011, Progress in Oceanography 90, 47–61

L4.

Required reading:

There will be distributed a text with a case study (Fronter)

P4.  Asia in the Arctic:

Baev, Pavel K. 2013. Sovereignty is the Key to Russia's Arctic Policy. Strategic Analysis 37:4, 489–493. http://tinyurl.com/qfrnpgw

Buzan, Barry. 2010. China in International Society: Is “Peaceful Rise” Possible? Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3, 5–36. http://tinyurl.com/pvq486w

Chen, Gang. 2011. China’s Emerging Arctic Strategy. Polar Journal 2, 358­–371. Fronter

Jakobson, Linda. 2010. China Prepares for an Ice-Free Arctic. SIPRI Insighs on Peace and Security, 2/2010.  http://books.sipri.org/fi...sight/SIPRIInsight1002.pdf

Roi, Michael L. 2010. Russia: The Greatest Arctic Power? Journal of Slavic Military Studies 23:4, 551–573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2010.525465

NS3.

Required

Continental Shelf Limits : The Scientific and Legal Interface, Peter J. Cook and Chris M. Carleton, editors, Oxford University Press, 2000, Symonds, P.A et al. “Chapter 4 “Characteristics of Continental Margins”, pp 25-59

NS4.

Required

Spencer, A. M., A. F. Embry, D. L. Gautier, A. V. Stoupakova, and K. Sorensen, 2011,  An overview of the petroleum geology of the Arctic, in Arctic Petroleum Geology, Spencer, A. M., Embry, A. F., Gautier, D. L., Stoupakova, A. V. & Sørensen, K. (eds), Geological Society, London, Memoirs v. 35; p. 1-17.

P5. Arctic energi:

Claes, Dag Harald. 2014. The Arctic Oil and Gas Scramble? In Timothy Lehmann and Paul Ciccantell (eds.): Scarcity or Plenty? Global Resource Political Economy in the 21st Century. Boulder: Lynne Rienner press.

Gautier, D. L. et al. 2009. Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas in the Arctic. Science, 324(5931), 1175-1179.

Johnston, Peter F. 2012. Arctic Energy Resources: Security and Environmental Implications. Journal of Strategic Security, 5:3, 13–32. http://tinyurl.com/oqdm4bw

Lindholt, L. and Glomsrød, S. 2011. ‘The role of the Arctic in future global petroleum supply’. Discussion Papers No. 645. Statistics Norway, Research Department. 30 pp. http://www.ssb.no/a/publikasjoner/pdf/DP/dp645.pdf.

Offerdal, Kristine. 2010. Oil, Gas, and the Environment. O. S. Stokke and G. Hønneland (eds.), International Cooperation and Arctic Governance: Regime Effectiveness and Northern Region Building, 138–163. London: Routledge (paperback; hardback published in 2007).

Øverland, Indra. 2010. Russia’s Arctic Energy Policy. International Journal, 65, 865–878. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/intj65&div=64&g_sent=1&collection=journals#893

USGS. 2008. Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of Arctic Circle. USGS Fact Sheet 2008–3049. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf.

P6. Arctic Indigenous People

Vik, Hanne Hagtvedt and Anne Julie Semb. 2013. Who Owns the Land? Norway, the Sami and the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 20:4, 517–550. 

Wilson, Elana and Indra Øverland. Indigenous Issues. In O. S. Stokke and G. Hønneland eds. International Cooperation and Arctic Governance: Regime Effectiveness and Northern Region Building. London: Routledge, pp. 27–49.

NS5/6

Grantz, A., R. A. Scott, S. S. Drachev, T. E. Moore, and Z. C. Valin, 2011, Sedimentary successions of the Arctic Region (58-64 degrees to 90 degrees N) that may be prospective for hydrocarbons, in Arctic Petroleum Geology, Spencer, A. M., Embry, A. F., Gautier, D. L., Stoupakova, A. V. & Sørensen, K. (eds), Geological Society, London, Memoirs v. 35; p. 17-39.

Gautier, D. L. et al., Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas in the Arctic, 2009, Science 324, 1175–1179, DOI:10.1126/science.1169467.

Kristoffersen, Y, 2011, Geophysical exploration of the Arctic Ocean: the physical environment, survey techniques and brief summary of knowledge , in Arctic Petroleum Geology, Spencer, A. M., Embry, A. F., Gautier, D. L., Stoupakova, A. V. & Sørensen, K. (eds), Geological Society, London, Memoirs v. 35; p. 685-703

NS7/8. Arctic Climate

Optional

Turner, J. and Gareth J. M. ”Preface and Introduction” Climate Change in Polar regions, editors, Cambridge University Press 2011, pp. ix-15

Turner, J. and Gareth J. M. ”Chapter 3 ”The high latitude climates and mechanisms of change” ” Climate Change in Polar regions, Cambridge University Press 2011, pp. 61-161

Miller, G.H.; Brigham-Grette, J.; Alley, R.B.; Anderson, L.; Bauch, H.A.; Douglas, M.S.V.; Edwards, M.E.; Elias, S.A.; Finney, B.P.; Fitzpatrick, J.J.; Funder, S.V.; Geirsdóttir, A.; Herbert, T.D.; Hinzman, L.D.; Kaufman, D.S.; MacDonald, G.M.; Polyak, L.; Robock, A.; Serreze, M.C.; Smol, J.P.; Spielhagen, R.; White, J.W.C.; Wolfe, A.P.; Wolff, E.W., 2013 Paleoclimate, Paleoclimate history of the Arctic. In: Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Elsevier, 113-125.

NS7/8. Arctic in the Global context

Optional

McClimans, T.A. et al. “Chapter 6 “Interaction with the Global Climate System”” in  Arctic Climate Change, The ACSYS Decade and Beyond, Peter Lemke and Hans-Werner Jacobi, editors, Springer, 2012, pp 247-271

NS10.

Optional

Jørn H. Hurum, Jesper Milàn, Øyvind Hammer, Ivar Midtkandal, Hans Amundsen & Bjørn Sæther, Tracking polar dinosaurs - new finds from the Lower Cretaceous of Svalbard, 2006, Norwegian Journal of Geology, Vol. 86, pp. 397-402, ISSN 029-196X.

J. A. Tarduno, D. B. Brinkman, P. R. Renne, R. D. Cottrell, H. Scher and P. Castillo, Evidence for Extreme Climatic Warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic Vertebrates, 1998, Science, Vol. 282 no. 5397, 2241-2243, DOI:10.1126/science.282.5397.2241