Spring 2023
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Spring 2014
JUS5560
- What are the most important arguments in favour of the EU, the UN and the WTO having constitutional qualities? Refer to constitutional theories and exemplify with relevant organisational or treaty qualities.
- What are democratic qualities of the EU, and what are its democratic deficits?
JUR1560
- What are the most important arguments in favour of the EU and the UN having constitutional qualities? Refer to constitutional theories and exemplify with relevant organisational qualities.
- What are democratic qualities of the EU, and what are its democratic deficits?
Autumn 2013
JUS5560
- To what degree can the three organisations, The EU, the UN and the WTO, and the equivalent treaties, be said to have supra-, inter- and trans-national qualities.
- What are the main democratic qualities of the EU, the UN and the WTO as international organizations, and what are their main democratic weaknesses?
JUR1560
- To what degree can the three organisations, The EU, the UN and the WTO, and the equivalent treaties, be said to have international, supranational and transnational qualities.
- What are the main democratic qualities of the EU, and what are the main democratic weaknesses of the organisation?
Spring 2013
- Define the concepts of constitutionalism, legal pluralism and fragmentation as they are applied and referred to in international and European law, as referred to in the literature. Use references to theories and to examples in international and European law in your argumentation.
- To what extent can the European Union and its different institutions be said to be democratic or undemocratic. Use references to liberal, republican and deliberative theories on democracies and to the specific EU institutions and their procedures.
Both questions must be answered. The first question counts for 2/3, the second 1/3.
JUR1560
- Define the main features of the three concepts of international, supranational and transnational (infranational) legal orders and/or organisations. Discuss the differences between them. (Note that in parts of the literature infranational is used as synonymous with transnational.) Give examples in relation to each concept.
- To what extent can the European Union and its different institutions be said to be democratic or undemocratic. Use references to liberal, republican and deliberative theories on democracies and to the specific EU institutions and their procedures.
Both questions must be answered. The first question counts for 2/3, the second 1/3.
Autumn 2011
- Discuss how international organisations can be said to have constitutional qualities.
Use examples from well known international organizations.
- What defines, and what are the main differences between international, supranational and transnational law? Give examples.
Both questions must be answered.
Previous exams for JUR1560 and JUR5560
Autumn 2010
1. To what extent can the EU, the WTO and the UN be said to have constitutional qualities?
2. To what extent can the different main EU institutions be said to have democratic qualities, and what democratic qualities can they be said to be lacking?
Both questions must be answered.
Autumn 2009
1. To what degree can the three organisations, The EU, the UN and the WTO, and the equivalent treaties, be said to have supra-, inter- and trans-national qualities.
2. What are their main claims to be democratic organizations, and what are their main flaws in terms of being democratic?
3. Discuss one example from the articles in the curriculum on the fragmentation of international law. (The most important articles here would be Koskenniemi, Koskenniemi/Leino and Fischer-Lescano/Teubner.)
Autumn 2008
1. What do the concepts of constitutionalism, legal pluralism and fragmentation stand for in the current literature and its discussions on international law? Use both references to theories and to examples of law to document your points.
2. To what extent can the European Union and its different institutions be said to be democratic or undemocratic today. Use references to liberal, republican and deliberative theories on democracies.
Spring 2008
- Explain the three concepts of inter-, supra- and infranational legal orders and the main differences between them.
(Note: In parts of the literature the concept of transnational is used instead of infranational. For this purpose: treat them alike.)
- Describe shortly the main characteristics of the three models of democracy:
the liberal, the republican and the deliberative.
- How may citizenship contribute to the legitimacy of the EU.
All three questions must be answered.
Autumn 2007
1. In what respects may the EU be described as an international, supranational and infra-/transnational organization?
2. By applying the theories on democracy in the curriculum to what extent may the EU, the WTO and the UN be said to be democratic organizations or not democratic. Discuss this by referring to some of their institutional qualities.
Spring 2007
International Constitutional Law and Democracy
1. In what respects may the EU/EC be described as an international, supranational or infra-/transnational organisation?
2. How may the EU/EC as an international, supranational or infra-/transnational organisation be legitimized as democratic? Each of these qualities must be discussed separately.
3. How may citizenship contribute to the legitimacy of the EU?
All three questions must be answered.
Autumn 2006
- Describe the main features of the three concepts of international, supranational and transnational (infranational) legal orders and discuss the differences between them. (Note that in parts of the literature infranational is used as synonymous with transnational.) Give examples in relation to each concept.
- What is meant by “fragmentation in international law”. Give examples.
- Can the UN be said to be a democratic organization? Give arguments both pro and contra and use general arguments from the literature of the curriculum.
Annex: Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union (selected readings)