Dana Swarbrick

• Swarbrick, Dana; Seibt, Christa Beate; Grinspun, Noemi & Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina (2021). Corona Concerts: The Effect of Virtual Concert Characteristics on Social Connection and Kama Muta. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648448. Vis sammendrag

  The popularity of virtual concerts increased as a result of the social distancing requirements of the coronavirus pandemic. We aimed to examine how the characteristics of virtual concerts and the characteristics of the participants influenced their experiences of social connection and kama muta (often labeled “being moved”). We hypothesized that concert liveness and the salience of the coronavirus would influence social connection and kama muta. We collected survey responses on a variety of concert and personal characteristics from 307 participants from 13 countries across 4 continents. We operationalized social connection as a combination of feelings and behaviors and kama muta was measured using the short kama muta scale (Zickfeld et al., 2019). We found that (1) social connection and kama muta were related and predicted by empathic concern, (2) live concerts produced more social connection, but not kama muta, than pre-recorded concerts, and (3) the salience of the coronavirus during concerts predicted kama muta and this effect was completely mediated by social connection. Exploratory analyses also examined the influence of social and physical presence, motivations for concert attendance, and predictors of donations. This research contributes to the understanding of how people can connect socially and emotionally in virtual environments.

• Hansen, Niels Chr.; Treider, John Melvin Gudnyson; Swarbrick, Dana; Bamford, Joshua S.; Wilson, Johanna & Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina (2021). A Crowd-Sourced Database of Coronamusic: Documenting Online Making and Sharing of Music During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684083. Vis sammendrag

  When a sweeping COVID-19 pandemic forced cultural venues, schools, and social hangouts into hibernation in early 2020, music life relocated to the digital world. On social media platforms like YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok, sofas and balconies took center stage for musical performances presented as live-streamed concerts and recorded videos. Amateurs and professional musicians alike embraced digital formats and innovated novel genres of corona-themed music. Adapting the well-known “musicking” term from cultural musicology (Small, 1999), we will characterize the diverse practices of listening to, playing, dancing to, composing, rehearsing, improvising, discussing, exploring, and innovating musical products during lockdown with explicit or implicit reference to the novel coronavirus and/or pandemic life circumstances as “corona-musicking.” By extension, audiovisual products of such corona-musicking behavior will be defined collectively as “coronamusic.” To best facilitate future work, these definitions are intentionally broad and minimally exclusive (cf. Small, 1999). This study aims to establish the CORONAMUSIC DATABASE–a crowdsourced corpus of links to coronamusic videos and news media reports (https://osf.io/y7z28/). This constitutes the first readily accessible and searchable resource for researchers from all disciplines with an interest in documenting and investigating the musical dynamics underlying the pandemic.

• Onderdijk, Kelsey; Swarbrick, Dana; Van Kerrebroeck, Bavo; Mantei, Maximillian; Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina & Maes, Pieter-Jan [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Livestream Experiments: The Role of COVID-19, Agency, Presence, and Social Context in Facilitating Social Connectedness. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647929. Vis sammendrag

  Musical life became disrupted in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many musicians and venues turned to online alternatives, such as livestreaming. In this study, three livestreamed concerts were organized to examine separate, yet interconnected concepts—agency, presence, and social context—to ascertain which components of livestreamed concerts facilitate social connectedness. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling was conducted on 83 complete responses to examine the effects of the manipulations on feelings of social connectedness with the artist and the audience. Results showed that in concert 1, where half of the participants were allowed to vote for the final song to be played, this option did not result in the experience of more agency. Instead, if their preferred song was played (regardless of voting ability) participants experienced greater connectedness to the artist. In concert 2, participants who attended the concert with virtual reality headsets experienced greater feelings of physical presence, as well as greater feelings of connectedness with the artist, than those that viewed a normal YouTube livestream. In concert 3, attendance through Zoom led to greater experience of social presence, but predicted less connectedness with the artist, compared to a normal YouTube livestream. Crucially, a greater negative impact of COVID-19 (e.g., loneliness) predicted feelings of connectedness with the artist, possibly because participants fulfilled their social needs with this parasocial interaction. Examining data from all concerts suggested that physical presence was a predictor of connectedness with both the artist and the audience, while social presence only predicted connectedness with the audience. Correlational analyses revealed that reductions in loneliness and isolation were associated with feelings of shared agency, physical and social presence, and connectedness to the audience. Overall, the findings suggest that in order to reduce feelings of loneliness and increase connectedness, concert organizers and musicians could tune elements of their livestreams to facilitate feelings of physical and social presence.

• Swarbrick, Dana; Kiss, Alex; Trehub, Sandra; Tremblay, Luc; Alter, David & Chen, Joyce (2020). HIIT the Road Jack: An Exploratory Study on the Effects of an Acute Bout of Cardiovascular High-Intensity Interval Training on Piano Learning. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 11(2154). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02154. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Hermant, Louise & Swarbrick, Dana (2022). Les concerts dans le métavers, un nouveau monde ? (Concerts in the Metaverse, a new world?). [Avis]. La Libre Belgique.
• Swarbrick, Dana & Onderdijk, Kelsey (2021). Enhancing Digital Concerts: Social connection, Presence, and Virtual Reality. Vis sammendrag

  The coronavirus crisis led to unprecedented cancellation of concerts; however musicians responded rapidly by providing concerts online. To assess what aspects lead to social connectedness and feeling moved in virtual concerts, 307 participants responded to a survey reporting concert and personal characteristics (Study 1). Exploratory analyses suggested that physical presence explained 40% of the variance in feeling moved and social presence explained 27% of the variance of social connectedness. Therefore, manipulating feelings of presence may result in enhanced social experiences of digital concerts. This was put to the test in an experiment that consisted of three livestreamed concerts in which manipulations examined what might facilitate social connectedness (Study 2). Hierarchical Bayesian modelling was used to examine the effects of agency, social context, and presence on responses of 83 participants. Results revealed that physical presence was a predictor of connectedness with both the artist and the audience, while social presence only predicted connectedness with the audience. Interestingly, a greater negative impact of COVID-19 (e.g., loneliness) predicted feelings of connectedness with the artist (but not the audience), possibly because participants fulfilled their social needs with this parasocial interaction. Based on this study, the usage of virtual reality (VR) seems to be a promising tool. However, little is still known of concert experiences in VR. Thus, we will conclude with a short discussion on this topic based on a third study in which 74 participants responded to a survey to understand the (dis)advantages of this way of experiencing concerts (Study 3).

• Swarbrick, Dana (2021). Being in Concert: Audience Motion, Emotion, and Bonding.
• Shortall, Emma; Swarbrick, Dana & Humiston, Molly (2021). Pandemic Streaming: A Documentary. [Internett]. YouTube Documentary. Vis sammendrag

  Produced by Molly Humiston and Emma Shortall, "Pandemic Streaming: The Rise of Live Streaming in the Music Industry", explores the expansion of live streaming over the course of the pandemic. Speaking with artists, fans, and those in between, we chart the use of live streaming and tap into where it's going next. 0:00 Introduction 2:27 Ch 1: Behind the Screens 13:21 Ch 2: The (Dis)Connection 27:28 Ch 3: You're Live 47:44 Credits

• Swarbrick, Dana & Halvorsen, Bjørn Egil (2021). Ny forskningsstudie: Musikk demper korona-fortvilelsen best. [Avis]. Aftenposten.
• Swarbrick, Dana (2021). Measuring the virtual concert experience: Social connection, emotion, and motion. Vis sammendrag

  Virtual concerts grew in popularity during the coronavirus crisis. In a series of studies, we examined the effects of virtual concerts on social connection and motion. The Corona Concerts project gathered 300 survey responses to understand what concert characteristics promote social connection and kama muta (feeling moved). The Experimental Sessions project aimed to manipulate agency, presence, and social context to determine their effects on social connection in a virtual concert. The MusicLab Algorave project leveraged participants’ own mobile phones to measure their motion during a virtual concert. Together, these studies contribute to understanding social connection in virtual environments.

• Swarbrick, Dana & Onderdijk, Kelsey (2021). Livestream Experiments During the Pandemic. Vis sammendrag

  Kelsey Onderdijk (IPEM) and Dana Swarbrick (RITMO) will present their paper on three livestream concert experiments that were executed last summer. The main focus of these experiments was to explore how feelings of social connectedness can be fostered in virtual environments (i.e. livestreamed concerts), and to investigate how attending a virtual concert interacted with ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., loneliness, anxiety). Three main concepts were under investigation: agency, presence, and social context, that each required a different setup. Results provided insights into the role of parasocial interactions, music as social surrogacy, and concepts best suited to facilitate social connectedness and alleviate loneliness.

• Swarbrick, Dana (2021). Researching Live and Virtual Concert Audiences.
• Swarbrick, Dana; Upham, Finn; Erdem, Cagri; Burnim, Kayla & Jensenius, Alexander Refsum (2021). The MusicLab App – Exploring the usage of mobile accelerometry to measure audience movement and respiration.
• Sørbø, Solveig & Swarbrick, Dana (2021). Dana Swarbrick on pandemusicology and her own music - Solveigs Speisa Musikk. [Radio]. Radiorakel (and distributed to Spotify). Vis sammendrag

  Dana Swarbrick is a singer-songwriter-scientist who over the past year aimed to understand how virtual concerts can make us feel connected despite being socially distanced as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. She discussed a little about each of her four projects in the field of pandemusicology. Dana also shared music from her latest single 'No Love Left', and performed two brand new songs for us live in the studio 'Where the Mountain Casts its Shadow' and 'Cinnamon'. Guest: Dana Swarbrick Host: Solveig Sørbø Technician: Ingmar Bob Nilsen First aired 20th April at radiOrakel

• Swarbrick, Dana (2021). Queens Pub Concert.
• Swarbrick, Dana; Upham, Finn; Erdem, Cagri; Burnim, Kayla & Jensenius, Alexander Refsum (2021). MusicLab Algorave – An exploratory study examining the usage of mobile accelerometry to measure movements of a virtual concert audience.
• Swarbrick, Dana & Onderdijk, Kelsey (2021). Livestream Experiments: The Role of COVID-19, Agency, Presence, and Social Context in Facilitating Social Connectedness.
• Swarbrick, Dana; Grinspun, Noemi; Seibt, Beate & Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina (2020). Food & Paper: Virtually Together: Concerts during the Coronavirus. Vis sammendrag

  Government responses to the coronavirus led to unprecedented social distancing measures across the world. These measures were challenging for many; however, musicians adapted quickly by providing online virtual concerts. Anecdotally, viewers commented that virtual concerts made them feel socially connected despite the restrictions and the technologically mediated interactions. Little research has previously examined engagement at virtual concerts (Pursiainen, 2016), and to the best of our knowledge, no research has specifically examined which aspects of virtual concerts promote feelings of togetherness and being moved. We aimed to examine what aspects of the virtual concert experience and participant characteristics 1) make people feel socially connected and 2) make people feel moved. This research addresses the topical question of how people can feel socially connected in a time of social distancing. Both performing artists and societies can benefit from what this study might reveal about the online concert experience.

• Swarbrick, Dana; Khoparzi, Abhinay; Bell, Renick; Erdem, Cagri & Sørbø, Solveig Isis (2020). MusicLab 5: Lockdown Rave. Vis sammendrag

  In the 5th edition of MusicLab we presented an online algorave (algorithmic rave)! Prominent algoravers Renick Bell and Khoparzi improvised live-coded music on their computers from their respective locations in Japan and India, while the audience danced to the rave music in their homes all over the world. This event was also the launch of the MusicLab App!

• Swarbrick, Dana; Seibt, Beate; Grinspun, Noemi & Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina (2020). Virtually together: Concerts during the coronavirus. Vis sammendrag

  Government responses to the coronavirus led to unprecedented social distancing measures across the world. These measures were challenging for many; however, musicians adapted quickly by providing online virtual concerts. Anecdotally, viewers commented that virtual concerts made them feel socially connected despite the restrictions and the technologically mediated interactions. Little research has previously examined engagement at virtual concerts (Pursiainen, 2016), and to the best of our knowledge, no research has specifically examined which aspects of virtual concerts promote feelings of togetherness and being moved. We aimed to examine what aspects of the virtual concert experience and participant characteristics 1) make people feel socially connected and 2) make people feel moved. Participants watched at least 15 minutes of an online concert and reported information on the concert characteristics, emotional and social outcomes, and their demographics, motivations, listening technologies, and musical experience. The main outcomes are the Kama Muta Scale (Zickfeld et al., 2019) which measures feeling moved, and the social connectedness between the participant and the other attendees and performers. Mediation analyses will examine what aspects led to increased connectedness and feeling moved. 310 participants from 14 countries across the Americas (n = 212), Europe (n = 84), and Asia (n = 12) completed the survey. On average, participants reported on a 5-point scale that they felt moderately connected to the performer (M = 3.7), less connected to other audience members (M =2.3), and moderate feelings of being moved or touched (M = 3.7). Further mediation analyses will aim to understand what concert aspects led to these feelings. This research addresses the topical question of how people can feel socially connected in a time of social distancing. Both performing artists and societies can benefit from what this study might reveal about the online concert experience.

• Swarbrick, Dana; Seibt, Beate; Grinspun, Noemi & Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina (2020). Virtually Together: Concerts during the Coronavirus. Vis sammendrag

  Background Government responses to the coronavirus led to unprecedented social distancing measures across the world. These measures were challenging for many; however, musicians adapted quickly by providing online virtual concerts. Anecdotally, viewers commented that virtual concerts made them feel socially connected despite the restrictions and the technologically mediated interactions. Little research has previously examined engagement at virtual concerts (Pursiainen, 2016), and to the best of our knowledge, no research has specifically examined which aspects of virtual concerts promote feelings of togetherness and being moved. Aims We aimed to examine what aspects of the virtual concert experience and participant characteristics 1) make people feel socially connected and 2) make people feel moved. Method Participants watched at least 15 minutes of an online concert and reported information on the concert characteristics, emotional and social outcomes, and their demographics, motivations, listening technologies, and musical experience. The main outcomes are the Kama Muta Scale (Zickfeld et al., 2019) which measures feeling moved, and the social connectedness between the participant and the other attendees and performers. Mediation analyses will examine what aspects led to increased connectedness and feeling moved. Results 310 participants from 14 countries across the Americas (n = 212), Europe (n = 84), and Asia (n = 12) completed the survey. On average, participants reported on a 5-point scale that they felt moderately connected to the performer (M = 3.7), less connected to other audience members (M =2.3), and moderate feelings of being moved or touched (M = 3.7). Further mediation analyses will aim to understand what concert aspects led to these feelings. Conclusions This research addresses the topical question of how people can feel socially connected in a time of social distancing. Both performing artists and societies can benefit from what this study might reveal about the online concert experience.

• Swarbrick, Dana; Grinspun, Noemi; Seibt, Beate & Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina (2020). Quarantine Concerts.
• Swarbrick, Dana (2020). Nyhetsmorgen - radio (https://radio.nrk.no/serie/nyhetsmorgen/NPUB32010920?fbclid=IwAR07rA_odCCwd4tiHJDMLoNp7BWteHgosBJw9qi7_jna0u2SXbZJ5zw0OGk#t=1h14m30s). [Radio]. NRK radio.
• Swarbrick, Dana (2020). Koronakonsertene har 2 millioner avspillinger - Kan være utfordrende for artistene. [Internett]. NRK.
• Swarbrick, Dana; Kiss, Alex; Tremblay, Luc; Sabiston, Catherine; Trehub, Sandra & Alter, David [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). HIIT the Road Jack: The Effects of Exercise on Piano Learning.

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